Task 1

1. What are the different types of testing

Manual Testing:

Unit Testing: Testing individual units or components of a software independently.

Integration Testing: Verifying the interaction between integrated components or systems.

System Testing: Evaluating the complete system's functionality as a whole.

Acceptance Testing: Ensuring the software meets the specified requirements and is accepted by the end users.

Automated Testing:

Functional Testing: Verifying that the software functions according to specifications.

Regression Testing: Ensuring that new code changes do not negatively impact existing functionality.

Smoke Testing: Preliminary testing to identify major issues before more in-depth testing.

Non-functional Testing: Assessing non-functional aspects like performance, security, and usability.

Performance Testing: Evaluating the system's responsiveness under different conditions.

Security Testing: Identifying vulnerabilities and ensuring data protection.

Usability Testing: Assessing the software's user-friendliness.

White Box Testing:

Static Testing: Analyzing the code or documentation without executing it.

Dynamic Testing: Evaluating the software during runtime.

Black Box Testing:

Equivalence Partitioning: Dividing input data into partitions and selecting representative values for testing.

Boundary Value Analysis: Testing values at the boundaries of input ranges.

State Transition Testing: Testing transitions between different system states.

Grey Box Testing:

Combining elements of both white box and black box testing.

Alpha Testing: Conducted by the internal development team before releasing the software to a few external users.

Beta Testing: Conducted by a select group of external users before the software is released to the general public.

Compatibility Testing: Verifying software compatibility with different operating systems, browsers, and devices.

Load Testing: Assessing a system's behavior under expected load conditions.

Stress Testing: Evaluating a system's behavior under extreme conditions or beyond its specified limits.

User Acceptance Testing (UAT): Ensuring that the software meets the end users' expectations

2. What are different types of STLC phases

Requirement Analysis:

Objective: Understand and analyze the requirements to identify testable elements.

Activities:

Reviewing requirements documentation.

Creating a traceability matrix to link requirements to test cases.

Identifying testing scope and objectives.

Test Planning:

Objective: Define the overall testing strategy, scope, resources, and schedule.

Activities:

Defining test objectives and goals.

Identifying test deliverables.

Estimating testing effort and resources.

Creating a test plan document.

Test Case Design:

Objective: Develop detailed test cases based on the requirements and design specifications.

Activities:

Writing test cases that cover positive and negative scenarios.

Creating test data.

Reviewing and validating test cases.

Environment Setup:

Objective: Set up the necessary hardware and software for testing.

Activities:

Configuring test environments.

Installing necessary software and tools.

Verifying the readiness of the test environment.

Test Execution:

Objective: Execute test cases and record the results.

Activities:

Running test cases.

Logging defects for failed test cases.

Capturing and analyzing test results.

Defect Tracking and Reporting:

Objective: Identify and track defects found during testing.

Activities:

Logging defects in a defect tracking system.

Prioritizing and categorizing defects.

Generating defect reports.

Regression Testing:

Objective: Ensure that new changes or fixes do not negatively impact existing functionality.

Activities:

Re-executing selected test cases.

Verifying that defects have been fixed.

Updating test cases as needed.

Test Closure:

Objective: Summarize testing activities and assess the quality of the software.

Activities:

Creating a test summary report.

Evaluating the testing process.

Gathering feedback for process improvement.

Archiving testware and documentation.

3.As a manual Tester what qualities do you posses? provide examples to illustrate your point?

Analytical Skills:

Example: A manual tester needs to analyze requirements and design comprehensive test cases that cover various scenarios. This involves breaking down complex features into smaller, manageable test cases.

Attention to Detail:

Example: During test execution, a manual tester must meticulously follow test scripts, carefully inputting data and documenting results. This attention to detail helps in identifying even subtle defects.

Communication Skills:

Example: Clear communication is crucial for reporting defects and providing feedback to the development team. A manual tester should be able to articulate issues concisely in bug reports, making it easier for developers to understand and address the problems.

Problem-Solving Skills:

Example: When encountering unexpected behavior or issues during testing, a manual tester should be able to investigate and identify the root cause. This might involve collaboration with developers or other team members to resolve complex problems.

Time Management:

Example: Testers often work under deadlines. Effective time management is crucial for completing test design, execution, and reporting within the project schedule.

Curiosity and Exploratory Testing:

Example: Manual testers with a curious mindset are more likely to explore the application beyond specified test cases. Exploratory testing allows them to uncover defects that may not be evident through scripted testing alone.

Domain Knowledge:

Example: Understanding the domain of the application being tested is essential. For example, a tester in a banking domain needs to know the financial processes and regulations relevant to the application.

Adaptability:

Example: Requirements and features can change during the development process. A manual tester should be adaptable and able to adjust testing strategies and test cases accordingly.

Documentation Skills:

Example: Manual testers need to document test cases, test results, and defects thoroughly. Clear and well-organized documentation is vital for knowledge transfer and future reference.

Collaboration and Teamwork:

Example: Testers often work closely with developers, business analysts, and other team members. Collaboration is essential for a smooth testing process and for addressing issues effectively.

User Perspective:

Example: A manual tester should be able to think from the end user's perspective. This helps in designing test cases that align with user expectations and uncovering usability issues.

Resilience:

Example: Testing can be repetitive, and finding defects might require persistence. A resilient tester is more likely to stay focused and thorough, even when facing challenges

4.What is the difference between water fall and Agile methodologies in SDLC

Waterfall Methodology:

Sequential and Linear:

Waterfall: Follows a linear and sequential approach where each phase must be completed before moving on to the next one. Phases include requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

Requirements are Fixed:

Waterfall: Assumes that project requirements are well understood and relatively stable. Changes to requirements are not easily accommodated once the project is in progress.

Documentation-Heavy:

Waterfall: Emphasizes extensive documentation at each stage of development. This includes detailed requirements, design documents, and comprehensive test plans.

Long Development Time:

Waterfall: Can result in longer development cycles, as the entire system is designed and built before testing begins. This can lead to delayed feedback and potential issues with changing requirements.

Limited Client Involvement:

Waterfall: Client involvement is typically limited to the early stages of the project, and significant interaction may occur only during the requirement gathering phase and the final product delivery.

Agile Methodology:

Iterative and Incremental:

Agile: Embraces an iterative and incremental approach, dividing the project into small, manageable iterations or sprints. Each iteration delivers a potentially shippable product increment.

Adaptable to Changes:

Agile: Welcomes changing requirements even late in the development process. Agile teams are more adaptable to customer feedback and can adjust priorities and features accordingly.

Collaborative and Cross-Functional Teams:

Agile: Encourages close collaboration between cross-functional teams, including developers, testers, and business stakeholders. Communication is valued throughout the development process.

Emphasis on Working Software:

Agile: Prioritizes delivering working software in shorter cycles. This allows stakeholders to see tangible results more frequently and provides opportunities for early and continuous feedback.

Continuous Testing:

Agile: Integrates testing throughout the development process. Automated testing is often emphasized to ensure rapid and reliable feedback on the quality of the code.

Client Involvement Throughout:

Agile: Promotes continuous client or stakeholder involvement throughout the development process. Regular sprint reviews and demonstrations facilitate feedback and adjustments.

Less Documentation:

Agile: Prioritizes working software over comprehensive documentation. While there is still documentation, it is often lighter and more focused on essentials.

Quick Response to Issues:

Agile: Allows for quick identification and response to issues or changes. The short development cycles facilitate rapid adaptation to evolving requirements.