1. Write a blog on below question.

    1. Smoke Testing:

      1. Purpose:

        • The primary purpose of smoke testing is to verify that the critical functionalities of the software are working correctly after a new build or release.

        • It is often performed to determine whether the build is stable enough for more in-depth testing.

      2. Scope:

        • Smoke tests cover the essential features of the application but do not go into detailed testing of all functionalities.

        • It focuses on major functionalities and features to ensure they work as expected.

      3. Timing:

        • Smoke testing is executed at the beginning of the testing process or after a new build is deployed.

        • It is a quick and shallow test to identify show-stopper issues early in the testing cycle.

      4. Depth:

        • Smoke testing is a broad and shallow test that aims to identify critical issues quickly.

        • If the application passes the smoke test, it indicates that the major functionalities are working, and further testing can proceed.

      5. Automated or Manual:

        • Smoke tests can be automated or executed manually.

        • Automation is often preferred to quickly and consistently perform the essential checks.

Sanity Testing:

  1. Purpose:

    • Sanity testing is performed to verify that specific functionalities or components of the software have been fixed or enhanced after changes or bug fixes.

    • It is a more focused testing effort to ensure that the recent changes did not adversely affect existing functionalities.

  2. Scope:

    • Sanity testing covers a narrow scope, focusing on the specific areas that have been modified.

    • It is not exhaustive and is more about ensuring that the recent changes work as intended.

  3. Timing:

    • Sanity testing is conducted after a specific change or bug fix has been implemented in the software.

    • It is not a comprehensive test but rather a quick verification of the modified areas.

  4. Depth:

    • Sanity testing is more detailed than smoke testing in the sense that it specifically looks at the areas that have been modified.

    • It helps ensure that recent changes did not introduce new defects or break existing functionalities.

  5. Automated or Manual:

    • Like smoke testing, sanity testing can be automated or manual.

    • Automation can be beneficial, especially if the changes are frequent and need to be verified repeatedly.

    1. Validation & Verification
  6. Verification:

    • Definition:

      • Verification is the process of evaluating work products during or at the end of each phase to ensure that the product or system meets specified requirements.
    • Purpose:

      • The primary goal of verification is to check whether the software is being developed according to the requirements and design specifications.
    • Activities:

      • Verification activities include reviews, inspections, and walkthroughs to check documents, code, and other development artifacts against predefined standards and specifications.
    • Example:

      • In the verification process, a software requirement specification document is reviewed to ensure that it accurately captures the user's needs and is consistent with project objectives.
  7. Validation:

    • Definition:

      • Validation is the process of evaluating a system or component during or at the end of the development process to determine whether it satisfies the specified requirements.
    • Purpose:

      • The primary goal of validation is to ensure that the software product satisfies the customer's needs and intended use.
    • Activities:

      • Validation activities include testing the software against the requirements to ensure that it functions as intended in its target environment.
    • Example:

      • In the validation process, the developed software is tested to verify that it meets the specified functional and non-functional requirements. This involves executing test cases and scenarios.
  1. Explain about Agile Methodology

    1. Iterative and Incremental Development:

      • Agile divides the development process into small increments with minimal planning.

      • Software is developed in iterations, each delivering a functional piece of the product.

    2. Collaborative Approach:

      • Agile promotes constant collaboration between cross-functional teams, including developers, testers, and business representatives.

      • Team members work together to make decisions and solve problems, fostering a sense of shared ownership.

    3. Customer Involvement:

      • Customer involvement is crucial throughout the development process.

      • Continuous feedback from customers helps prioritize features and ensures that the delivered product meets their needs.

    4. Adaptive Planning:

      • Agile plans are flexible and adaptable to changing requirements.

      • Plans are regularly revisited and adjusted based on feedback and evolving project needs.

    5. Continuous Delivery:

      • Agile emphasizes the delivery of a working product at the end of each iteration.

      • This allows for frequent releases and enables the team to respond quickly to changes.

    6. Embracing Changes:

      • Agile welcomes changes in requirements, even late in the development process.

      • Changes are seen as opportunities to enhance the product rather than as obstacles.

    7. Self-Organizing Teams:

      • Agile teams are self-organizing and empowered to make decisions.

      • Team members collaborate to determine how to accomplish tasks and allocate work.

    8. Regular Reflection and Improvement:

      • Agile teams regularly reflect on their processes and performance to identify areas for improvement.

      • Continuous improvement is a key aspect of the Agile mindset.

    9. Face-to-Face Communication:

      • Agile values face-to-face communication and emphasizes the importance of direct interaction between team members.

      • This can foster better understanding and quicker problem resolution.

    10. Sustainable Development:

      • Agile promotes a sustainable pace of work to maintain the team's productivity and morale over the long term.

      • It discourages overloading team members with excessive work.

  2. Explain about Epic and User Stories?

    1. Epic:

      • Definition:

        • An Epic is a large body of work that can be broken down into smaller tasks or User Stories. It represents a high-level requirement or a significant piece of functionality that often spans across multiple sprints.
      • Characteristics:

        • Epics are usually too large to be completed in a single iteration.

        • They provide a broad view of a feature or functionality without going into detailed specifications.

        • Examples of Epics might include "User Authentication," "Payment Processing," or "Dashboard Overhaul."

      • Purpose:

        • The main purpose of an Epic is to group related User Stories together, creating a container for organizing and managing work at a higher level.
      • Lifecycle:

        • Epics typically go through a lifecycle, evolving as more details become available. As the team breaks down the Epic into smaller, more manageable units (User Stories), the Epic may be refined and updated.

User Stories:

  • Definition:

    • A User Story is a small, independent unit of work that represents a specific piece of functionality from an end-user perspective. It provides details on what the user needs and why.
  • Structure:

    • A User Story is often written in a simple template: "As a [user type], I want [an action] so that [benefit/value]."

    • For example: "As a registered user, I want to be able to reset my password so that I can regain access to my account."

  • Characteristics:

    • User Stories are small enough to be completed within a single iteration or sprint.

    • They are independent, meaning they can be developed and tested in isolation.

    • Each User Story should deliver value to the end user.

  • Purpose:

    • The main purpose of a User Story is to represent a specific, user-centric requirement that provides value to the customer or end user.
  • Lifecycle:

    • A User Story typically goes through various stages, from creation to development, testing, and acceptance. It is often part of a backlog and prioritized based on its importance and business value.